CVE-2021-41106

JWT is a library to work with JSON Web Token and JSON Web Signature. Prior to versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5, users of HMAC-based algorithms (HS256, HS384, and HS512) combined with `Lcobucci\JWT\Signer\Key\LocalFileReference` as key are having their tokens issued/validated using the file path as hashing key - instead of the contents. The HMAC hashing functions take any string as input and, since users can issue and validate tokens, users are lead to believe that everything works properly. Versions 3.4.6, 4.0.4, and 4.1.5 have been patched to always load the file contents, deprecated the `Lcobucci\JWT\Signer\Key\LocalFileReference`, and suggest `Lcobucci\JWT\Signer\Key\InMemory` as the alternative. As a workaround, use `Lcobucci\JWT\Signer\Key\InMemory` instead of `Lcobucci\JWT\Signer\Key\LocalFileReference` to create the instances of one's keys.

• CWE-345
• CWE-345

• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/8175de5b841fbe3fd97d2d49b3fc15c4ecb39a73Patch, Third Party Advisory
• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/c45bb8b961a8e742d8f6b88ef5ff1bd5cca5d01cPatch, Third Party Advisory
• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hfPatch, Third Party Advisory
• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/8175de5b841fbe3fd97d2d49b3fc15c4ecb39a73Patch, Third Party Advisory
• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/commit/c45bb8b961a8e742d8f6b88ef5ff1bd5cca5d01cPatch, Third Party Advisory
• https://github.com/lcobucci/jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-7322-jrq4-x5hfPatch, Third Party Advisory

Published

Sep 28, 2021

Last Modified

Jun 17, 2026

Status

Modified

• Same Subject, Wrong User: A Cross-Issuer Account Takeover in n8nStrix found an identity-binding bug in n8n's token-exchange flow enabling account takeover.
• Autonomous PentestingAI agents that find and validate exploitable vulnerabilities like this one across your applications.
• PR ReviewsPentest every pull request so vulnerable code is caught before it ships to production.
• AI Penetration TestingHow AI-driven penetration testing continuously covers your attack surface.

• CVE-2021-4110mruby is vulnerable to NULL Pointer Dereference7.5
• CVE-2021-41100Wire-server is the backing server for the open source wire s…9.8
• CVE-2021-41101wire-server is an open-source back end for Wire, a secure co…5.7
• CVE-2021-41103containerd is an open source container runtime with an empha…7.8
• CVE-2021-41104ESPHome is a system to control the ESP8266/ESP32. Anyone wit…7.5
• CVE-2021-41105FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the …7.5
• CVE-2021-41109Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed …7.5
• CVE-2021-4111yetiforcecrm is vulnerable to Business Logic Errors4.3
• CVE-2021-41110cwlviewer is a web application to view and share Common Work…9.8
• CVE-2021-41111Rundeck is an open source automation service with a web cons…5.4
• CVE-2021-41112Rundeck is an open source automation service with a web cons…8.1
• CVE-2021-41113TYPO3 is an open source PHP based web content management sys…8.8