CVE-2023-28531

Name: CVE-2023-28531
Creator: NVD / NIST
Published: 2023-03-17T04:15:14.553+00:00
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

CRITICALCVSS 9.8/10EPSS 2.14%

Last modified Jun 17, 2026

CVE-2023-28531 is a critical-severity vulnerability rated 9.8/10 on the CVSS scale. ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.. EPSS estimates a 2.14% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Description

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

Metrics

CVSS 3.1

9.8/10

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Probability

2.14%

79.7th percentile

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Learn more

Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Affected Software

Vendor	Product	Versions
Openbsd	Openssh	>= 8.9, < 9.3
Netapp	Brocade Fabric Operating System	All versions
Netapp	Hci Bootstrap Os	All versions
Netapp	Solidfire Element Os	All versions

References

Timeline

Published: Mar 17, 2023
Last Modified: Jun 17, 2026
Status: Modified

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2023-28531?

ssh-add in OpenSSH before 9.3 adds smartcard keys to ssh-agent without the intended per-hop destination constraints. The earliest affected version is 8.9.

How severe is CVE-2023-28531?

CVE-2023-28531 has a CVSS score of 9.8/10 (CRITICAL severity). The EPSS model estimates a 2.14% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.

How do I fix CVE-2023-28531?

Check the vendor references and advisories linked above for patched versions and mitigation guidance. You can also run a Strix scan to test if your systems are affected.

Are you affected by CVE-2023-28531?

Run a free Strix scan to check your systems for this vulnerability.

Scan your code now

Source: NVD / NIST