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CVE-2025-13166

LOWCVSS 3.7/10EPSS 0.22%

Last modified

CVE-2025-13166 is a low-severity vulnerability rated 3.7/10 on the CVSS scale. The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process. This weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. EPSS estimates a 0.22% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Description

The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process. This weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. The discovery of these usernames can facilitate subsequent brute force attacks, social engineering attempts, and information leakage, potentially leading to reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and regulatory non-compliance.

Metrics

CVSS 3.1
3.7/10

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

EPSS Probability
0.22%

12.3th percentile

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Learn more

Weakness Enumeration

Affected Software

Source: CNA advisory (CVE.org). NVD analysis pending.

VendorProductVersions
WSO2WSO2 Identity Server>= 7.1.0, < 7.1.0.40; >= 7.2.0, < 7.2.0.2

References

Timeline

Published
Last Modified
Status
Deferred

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-13166?
The SMS OTP flow fails to adequately handle error messages, allowing an attacker to infer the existence of registered user accounts based on the responses received during the OTP initiation process. This weakness can be exploited by an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system. The impact is amplified for accounts that have not configured a mobile number, as the enumeration is specifically tied to this condition. The discovery of these usernames can facilitate subsequent brute force attacks, social engineering attempts, and information leakage, potentially leading to reputational damage, loss of customer trust, and regulatory non-compliance.
How severe is CVE-2025-13166?
CVE-2025-13166 has a CVSS score of 3.7/10 (LOW severity). The EPSS model estimates a 0.22% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2025-13166?
Check the vendor references and advisories linked above for patched versions and mitigation guidance. You can also run a Strix scan to test if your systems are affected.

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Source: NVD / NIST