CVE-2025-52691

Name: CVE-2025-52691
Creator: NVD / NIST
Published: 2025-12-29T03:15:42.837+00:00
License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

CRITICALCVSS 10/10Actively ExploitedEPSS 85.46%

Last modified Jun 17, 2026

CVE-2025-52691 is a critical-severity vulnerability rated 10/10 on the CVSS scale. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.. CISA has confirmed active exploitation in the wild. EPSS estimates a 85.46% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Description

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

Metrics

CVSS 3.1

10/10

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Probability

85.46%

99.7th percentile

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Learn more

Exploitation Status

This vulnerability is listed in CISA’s Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, confirming active exploitation in the wild. Federal agencies must remediate by Feb 16, 2026.

Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Affected Software

Vendor	Product	Versions
Smartertools	Smartermail	< 100.0.9413

References

https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/Third Party Advisory
https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.comExploit, Third Party Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691US Government Resource

Timeline

Published: Dec 29, 2025
Last Modified: Jun 17, 2026
Status: Analyzed

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2025-52691?

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

How severe is CVE-2025-52691?

CVE-2025-52691 has a CVSS score of 10/10 (CRITICAL severity). The EPSS model estimates a 85.46% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. This vulnerability is listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

How do I fix CVE-2025-52691?

Check the vendor references and advisories linked above for patched versions and mitigation guidance. You can also run a Strix scan to test if your systems are affected.

Are you affected by CVE-2025-52691?

Run a free Strix scan to check your systems for this vulnerability.

Scan your code now

Source: NVD / NIST