CVE-2026-19481

HIGHCVSS 7.5/10EPSS 0.28%

Last modified

CVE-2026-19481 is a high-severity vulnerability rated 7.5/10 on the CVSS scale. @fastify/busboy is a multipart form-data parser. In versions 1.0.0 through 3.2.0, an attacker who can submit multipart form-data can crash the parser by sending a part header whose name is a prototype-inherited property such as __proto__ or constructor. EPSS estimates a 0.28% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Description

@fastify/busboy is a multipart form-data parser. In versions 1.0.0 through 3.2.0, an attacker who can submit multipart form-data can crash the parser by sending a part header whose name is a prototype-inherited property such as __proto__ or constructor. The internal header parser stores headers in a plain JavaScript object and assumes each value is an array, so an inherited property name resolves to a truthy non-array value and triggers a TypeError. In the common pipe integration the failure surfaces as an error event, but in direct write or end usage the exception is thrown synchronously and can terminate the Node.js process, causing an unauthenticated denial of service. The issue is fixed in @fastify/busboy 3.2.1, which creates the header object with a null prototype. Users should upgrade to 3.2.1.

Metrics

EPSS Probability
0.28%

19.9th percentile

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Learn more

Weakness Enumeration

Affected Software

VendorProductVersions
FastifyFastify\/Busyboy>= 1.0.0, < 3.2.1

References

Timeline

Published
Last Modified
Status
Analyzed

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-19481?
@fastify/busboy is a multipart form-data parser. In versions 1.0.0 through 3.2.0, an attacker who can submit multipart form-data can crash the parser by sending a part header whose name is a prototype-inherited property such as __proto__ or constructor. The internal header parser stores headers in a plain JavaScript object and assumes each value is an array, so an inherited property name resolves to a truthy non-array value and triggers a TypeError. In the common pipe integration the failure surfaces as an error event, but in direct write or end usage the exception is thrown synchronously and can terminate the Node.js process, causing an unauthenticated denial of service. The issue is fixed in @fastify/busboy 3.2.1, which creates the header object with a null prototype. Users should upgrade to 3.2.1.
How severe is CVE-2026-19481?
CVE-2026-19481 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10 (HIGH severity). The EPSS model estimates a 0.28% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2026-19481?
Check the vendor references and advisories linked above for patched versions and mitigation guidance. You can also run a Strix scan to test if your systems are affected.

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Source: NVD / NIST