CVE-2026-23988

Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.

• CWE-367

• https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/commit/460cc5768aa45be07941b9e4ebc9bee02d282873Patch
• https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/tag/v4.12_BETABroken Link
• https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/security/advisories/GHSA-hcx5-hrhj-xhq9Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Published

Jan 22, 2026

Last Modified

Jun 17, 2026

Status

Analyzed

• How Strix found a critical auth bypass in etcdStrix autonomously discovered a critical authentication bypass in etcd, later designated CVE-2026-33413.
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