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CVE-2026-41523

HIGHCVSS 7.5/10EPSS 0.48%

Last modified

CVE-2026-41523 is a high-severity vulnerability rated 7.5/10 on the CVSS scale. vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). EPSS estimates a 0.48% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days.

Description

vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.

Metrics

CVSS 3.1
7.5/10

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS Probability
0.48%

38.4th percentile

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days. Learn more

Weakness Enumeration

Affected Software

VendorProductVersions
VllmVllm< 0.22.0

References

Timeline

Published
Last Modified
Status
Modified

Frequently Asked Questions

What is CVE-2026-41523?
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.
How severe is CVE-2026-41523?
CVE-2026-41523 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10 (HIGH severity). The EPSS model estimates a 0.48% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days.
How do I fix CVE-2026-41523?
Check the vendor references and advisories linked above for patched versions and mitigation guidance. You can also run a Strix scan to test if your systems are affected.

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Source: NVD / NIST